Europe 1809: Battle of Aspern-Essling

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Aspern-
Essling

Porto

2 May–18 Jul 1809Duchy of Warsaw
invades Austrian Galicia

6 May–12 Dec 1809French besiege
& capture Girona

12 May 1809Allies rout
French at Porto

13 May 1809Napoleon
captures Vienna

17 May 1809Papal States annexed
to French Empire

21–22 May 1809Austrians defeat Napoleon
at Aspern-Essling

21 May 1809

(more) (less…

late 6AD

Sep 9AD

16AD

18AD

26AD

36AD

23 Jan 41AD

Aug 43AD

47AD

sum 49AD

early 54AD

sum 59AD

60/61AD

fall 62AD

Oct 66AD

7 Jun 68AD

14 Jan 69AD

14 Apr 69AD

15 Jul 69AD

24 Oct 69AD

16 Dec 69AD

14 Apr 70AD

15 Apr 74AD

24 Oct 79AD

sum 84AD

sum 88AD

18 Sep 96AD

sum 102

8 Aug 106

sum 107

fall 113

fall 114

14 Oct 115

Sep 116

10 Aug 117

sum 122

late 132

spr 142

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spr 166

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28 Jan 198

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sum 210

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28 Apr 224

6 Apr 227

fall 232

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11 Feb 244

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fall 267

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268/ 269

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1 Mar 293

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spr 297

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c. 302

1 May 305

28 Oct 306

fall 307

11 Nov 308

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11 May 330

late 332

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18 Jan 350

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31 Mar 1906

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17 May 1912

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Napoleonic Wars

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Game of Thrones

Battle of Aspern-Essling

26 Apr 1809 Fifth Coalition 21 May 1809 Battle of Aspern-Essling 5 Jul 1809 Battle of Wagram 20 Aug 1809 Finnish War 14 Oct 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn 5 Feb 1810 Siege of Cádiz 9 Jul 1810 Annexation of Holland 13 Dec 1810 Annexation of the Hanse 3 May 1811 Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro 14 Oct 1811 Battle of Slobozia 7 Jan 1812 Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo 16 Mar 1812 Build-up to the Russian Campaign 24 Jun 1812 French invasion of Russia 22 Jul 1812 Battle of Salamanca 14 Sep 1812 French occupation of Moscow 24 Oct 1812 French retreat from Moscow 26 Nov 1812 Battle of Berezina 3 Mar 1813 Sixth Coalition 20 Apr 1813 German Campaign of 1813 4 Jun 1813 Armistice of Pläswitz 21 Jun 1813 Battle of Vitoria 26 Aug 1813 Battle of Dresden 16 Oct 1813 Battle of Leipzig 17 Nov 1813 War of Liberation 11 Dec 1813 Treaty of Valençay 14 Jan 1814 Treaty of Kiel 10 Feb 1814 Six Days’ Campaign 9 Mar 1814 Battle of Laon 11 Apr 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau 30 May 1814 First Peace of Paris

The Austrian offensives of spring 1809 brought a swift response from Napoleon, who marched across Bavaria to occupy Vienna in mid-May. However, when the French emperor crossed the Danube to take on the Austrian army, he was beaten back at Aspern-Essling—the first time he had been personally defeated in a major battle.

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This map has in-depth notes in the Journal, exclusive to Patrons on Classical Tier and above. Find them in the events descriptions, marked with the Journal icon .

Main Events

2 May–18 Jul 1809 Polish invasion of Galicia ▲

In early May 1809, while the main Austrian army invading the Duchy of Warsaw was advancing north on Toruń, Polish forces defeated weaker Austrian contingents in the east in skirmishes at Ostrówek and Kock. These victories allowed the Poles to break through into Austrian Galicia, where they captured the important cities of Lublin and Lviv later that month. Threatened by these advances—and the Polish capture of the strategic Vistula fortress of Sandomierz in mid-May—the Austrians abandoned their attempt on Toruń and withdrew to Warsaw. in wikipedia

6 May–12 Dec 1809 Third Siege of Girona ▲

Beginning in May 1809, some 32,000 French and Westphalian troops besieged the Spanish town of Girona, which controlled the main eastern road between France and Spain in northern Catalonia. Although badly outnumbered, the town’s garrison of 9,000 Spanish troops and militia under General Mariano Álvarez de Castro managed to fight off the invaders for an entire campaigning season, holding out until December, when famine and disease finally forced their capitulation. Despite their ultimate defeat, the Spanish inflicted some 14,000 casualties on the French and news of their heroic defense would help rally national resistance in the war against the French occupation. in wikipedia

12 May 1809 Second Battle of Porto ▲

In April 1809 General Arthur Wellesley assumed command of the British troops in Portugal and immediately marched north, making a surprise crossing of the Douro to attack Marshal Nicolas Soult’s French army at Porto. With 18,400 Anglo-Portuguese to Soult’s 11,200 troops, Wellesley quickly defeated his opponent, capturing 1,800 French and inflicting 600 casualties for just 125 British losses. Wellesley then raced north to take Braga, forcing Soult to retreat northeast back into Spain across the mountains—an ordeal which saw the French lose another 4,500 men and their remaining guns. in wikipedia

13 May 1809 Fall of Vienna ▲

Outpacing the Austrian army of Archduke Charles, the French reached Vienna by 11 May 1809. Although the city was defended by Archduke Maximilain and 35,000 troops, he was shaken by the initial French bombardment and withdrew across the Danube with most of his forces on the 12th, burning all the bridges. The next day the remaining garrison surrendered the Austrian capital to the French. in wikipedia

17 May 1809 French annexation of Papal States ▲

In May 1809 Napoleon denounced the popes for misusing the Donation of Charlemagne and “restored” the Papal States to the French Empire, reorganizing them as the French departments of Tibre (later Rome) and Trasimène. In response, Pope Pius VII excommunicated the French emperor, who in turn had the Pope arrested and imprisoned in July. Pius would remain in exile until 1814, when he was restored by Napoleon just months before the latter’s abdication. in wikipedia

21–22 May 1809 Battle of Aspern-Essling ▲

On 21 May 1809 Napoleon crossed the Danube at Lobau island, near Vienna, to confront the 98,000-strong Austrian army gathered on the other side under Archduke Charles. When the 80,000-strong French army was partially across and assembling on the Marchfeld between the villages of Aspern and Essling, the Austrians attacked, using their greater numbers of artillery to dominate the battlefield. Although casualties were heavy on both sides—some 23,000 Austrian losses for 20,000 French—the French were forced to withdraw after two days’ fighting, marking the first time Napoleon had been personally defeated in a major battle, as well as his first defeat in over a decade. in wikipedia