Europe 1849: Hungarian War of Independence

Political map of Europe & the Mediterranean on 14 Apr 1849 (Springtime of Peoples: Hungarian War of Independence), showing the following events: Frankfurt Constitution; Kaiser der Deutschen; Revolt of Genoa; End of Tuscan Republic; Hungarian Declaration of Independence.

27 Mar 1849National Assembly proclaims its
constitution for a new German Empire;
only the smaller states accept it

28 Mar 1849National Assembly elects Frederick William IV
of Prussia as Emperor of Germans
but the King rejects the offer

1–11 Apr 1849Genoa revolts;
suppressed by
Sardinia

12 Apr 1849Tuscany recalls
Grand Duke

14 Apr 1849Hungary declares
independence

14 April 1849

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Springtime of Peoples

-27–68 Julio-Claudian Dynasty 68–96 Flavian Dynasty 96–192 Nerva–Antonine Dynasty 192–235 Severan Dynasty 235–268 Crisis of the Third Century: Turmoil 268–284 Crisis of the Third Century: Restoration 284–311 Diocletian and the Tetrarchy 311–363 Constantinian Dynasty 363–383 Valentinianic Dynasty 383–408 Theodosian Dynasty: Divided Empire 408–425 Theodosian Dynasty: The West Besieged 425–441 Theodosian Dynasty: Fall of Africa 441–455 Theodosian Dynasty: Hunnic Wars 455–1803 NO MAPS FOR THIS PERIOD YET 1803–1814 Napoleonic Wars 1814–1815 Vienna and Waterloo 1815–1848 Congress Europe 1848–1850 Springtime of Peoples 1850–1859 Crimean War 1859–1862 Italian Unification 1862–1871 German Unification 1871–1914 Imperial Europe 1914–1918 Great War 1918–1922 Armistice Europe 1922–1939 Rise of Fascism 1939–1942 World War II: Blitzkrieg 1942–1945 World War II: Fall of the Third Reich 1945–1990 Cold War 1990–2010 Post-Cold War Europe 2010–pres Crisis of Europe

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Game of Thrones

Hungarian War of Independence

24 Feb 1848 Year of Revolution Begins 21 Mar 1848 March Revolutions 11 Apr 1848 First Italian War of Independence 3 May 1848 German Question 23 Jun 1848 June Days 24 Jul 1848 First Battle of Custoza 26 Aug 1848 Truce of Malmö 29 Oct 1848 Vienna Uprising 19 Dec 1848 Rise of Napoleon III 23 Mar 1849 Battle of Novara 14 Apr 1849 Hungarian War of Independence 9 May 1849 May Uprisings 26 May 1849 Alliance of the Three Kings 3 Jul 1849 Fall of the Last Roman Republic 28 Aug 1849 Restoring the Old Order 29 Apr 1850 Erfurt Union 29 Nov 1850 Humiliation of Olmütz

Austria's success in Italy was not matched in Hungary, where the revolution had been reignited when the Austrian government ruled to reduce Hungarian lands and rights within the Empire. With compromise no longer possible, the Hungarians declared independence in April.

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Main Events

27 Mar 1849 Frankfurt Constitution ▲

Since its creation in May 1848, the members of the German National Assembly (Frankfurt Parliament) had been involved in long and difficult negotiations over the constitution of their new united German state, arguing on whether it should be an elective monarchy, a directory government, or a republic. Agreement was finally reached in March 1849, when the Imperial Constitution—proposing a democratic empire under an hereditary constitutional monarch—was passed by only 267 votes to 263. On the 27th the Frankfurt Parliament proclaimed this document as the Constitution of the German Empire (Frankfurt Constitution) in St. Paul’s Church, Frankfurt, to come into effect the following day. in wikipedia

28 Mar 1849 Kaiser der Deutschen ▲

With the adoption of the Frankfurt Constitution in March 1849, the German National Assembly in Frankfurt elected Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, as “Emperor of the Germans”. Frederick William IV indignantly rejected the crown as it came from the common people, instead wishing to receive it from the German Princes. The German Empire he was elected to rule proved no more acceptable to the other German kings, with only the smaller states adopting the constitution. in wikipedia

1–11 Apr 1849 Revolt of Genoa ▲

In late March 1849, following the Austrian victory at Novara, unrest broke out in Genoa and, after Genoese soldiers joined the insurgents on 1 April, Sardinian troops evacuated the city. The jubilant Genoese proclaimed a Provisional Government to restore Genoa to the people, but were unable to prevent the return of the Sardinians en force on the 4th. In a week of fighting, the Sardinians militarily occupied all of Genoa, suppressing the last Genoese resistance, and then sacked the city itself. in wikipedia

12 Apr 1849 End of Tuscan Republic ▲

In the wake of their victory over the Kingdom of Sardinia at Novara, Austrian troops began advancing across northern Italy. In the Tuscan Republic, the municipal council of Florence, fearing an Austrian invasion, usurped the power of the constituent assembly in April 1849 to bring an end to the republic and invite Grand Duke Leopold II to return. The Grand Duke agreed, but, at his secret request, Austrian troops occupied Tuscany anyway. in wikipedia

14 Apr 1849 Hungarian Declaration of Independence ▲

In response to the harsh March Constitution of Austria, Lajos Kossuth, the Prime Minister of Hungary, advocated for the complete independence of the Hungarian nation from Habsburg rule. Summoning the Hungarian Diet in an open session in the Reformed Great Church of Debrecen, Kossuth presented a draft resolution of his declaration of independence on 14 April 1849 and was immediately greeted with enthusiasm by the gathered crowd. Convinced, the politicians adopted the declaration by public vote and elected Kossuth as Governor-President of the new state, keeping the status of the monarchy undecided. in wikipedia