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South America 1903: Panamanian Rebellion

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Political map of South American nations on 03 Nov 1903 (Border disputes and the Powers: Panamanian Rebellion), showing the following events: Hay–Herrán Treaty; Acre Intervention; Panamanian Rebellion.

Jan 1903US-Colombia agreement
for Panama Canal;
not ratified by Colombia

27 Jan–13 May 1903Brazil intervenes
in Acre

3 Nov 1903Panama separates
from Colombia

3 November 1903

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13 Dec 1864

5 Aug 1865

22 Mar 1866

4 Mar 1867

5 Jan 1869

20 Jun 1870

2 Nov 1874

22 Jun 1876

29 Apr 1879

5 Jun 1880

23 Jul 1881

5 Nov 1883

28 Apr 1885

4 Mar 1887

15 Nov 1889

28 Aug 1891

9 Feb 1894

14 May 1895

14 Jul 1899

23 May 1900

17 Jan 1903

3 Nov 1903

26 Nov 1908

15 Aug 1914

19 Jul 1918

24 Mar 1922

24 Oct 1930

4 Jul 1933

15 Apr 1935

(more) (less…

3 Oct 1939

13 Sep 1941

22 Aug 1942

20 Apr 1945

12 Mar 1948

28 Oct 1962

30 Jul 1970

1 Mar 1979

3 Apr 1982

3 Jan 1990

11 Jan 2012

15 Jan 2024

Border disputes and the Powers

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Panamanian Rebellion

14 May 1895 Venezuela and Nicaragua Crises 14 Jul 1899 Republic of Acre 23 May 1900 Thousand Days' War 17 Jan 1903 Second Venezuela Crisis 3 Nov 1903 Panamanian Rebellion 26 Nov 1908 Rio Branco's Treaties 15 Aug 1914 Opening of the Panama Canal 19 Jul 1918 South America in the Great War 24 Mar 1922 Salomón–Lozano Treaty 24 Oct 1930 Vargas Revolution 4 Jul 1933 Chaco War 15 Apr 1935 Paraguayan Chaco Offensive

In 1902, the United States purchased the remnants of the failed French attempt to build a canal through Panama, then part of war-torn Colombia. When negotiations with Colombia stalled the following year, the US backed a Panamanian rebellion and gained the rights to a canal that way.

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Main Events

22 Jan 1903 Hay–Herrán Treaty ▲

On 22 January 1903, United States Secretary of State John Hay signed a treaty with Tomás Herrán of Colombia, proposing to give the US a renewable lease on a strip of land across the isthmus of Panama in return for $10 million and an annual payment of $250,000. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on 14 March, but would not be ratified by the Senate of Colombia, partially because the agreed amount was considered insufficient. in wikipedia

27 Jan–13 May 1903 Acre Intervention ▲

The Brazilian government moved to support the rebel Third Republic of Acre, sending an ultimatum to Bolivia in February not to attempt to retake the disputed territory. On 8 February, the Bolivian government responded by accepting the Brazilian occupation and administration of Acre until a settlement was agreed to. Brazilian troops soon moved in, taking control of the region in May. in wikipedia

3 Nov 1903 Panamanian Rebellion ▲

Following the Colombian government’s stalling on Panama Canal negotiations with the United States, the strong separatist movement in Panama planned to declare independence from Colombia in November 1903. Forewarned, the Colombian government sent a battalion and the gunboat Bogotá to Panama City, arriving on 3 November. However, the US blocked Colombian actions on the excuse that they threatened the neutrality of the Panama Railway, allowing the Panamanian Revolutionary Junta to declare the separation of the isthmus and the independence of the Republic of Panama later that day. in wikipedia

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