238Romans abandonAfrican limes
238–239?Carpi and Gothsraid Moesia,sacking Histria
Jul 238Praetorian GuardassassinatesPupienus and Balbinus
Jul 238–Feb 244Gordian III nominallyrules Roman Empire
240Sabinianusrevolts in Africa
241?Persianscapture Hatra
241?–242Persians overrun RomanMesopotamia and Osrhoene